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__ Questions: __ In a Paragraph or more tell the class your Interests, favorite subjects, favorite topics in science, least favorite topics in science, and what you Would Like to Learn This Year.

My name is Noella. My interests are dancing,acting,and hanging out with my friends. My favorite subjects are Guitar,Science,and P.E. my favorite color is hot pink. My favorite topic in Science is The Human Body. My least favorite is Machinery. i would like to learn about Animals this year.Does salt water hold more heat than freshwater?

Independant Variable:Heat Changes Dependant Variable:The ending temperature. Research Paper- Convective heat transfer, or convection, is the transfer of heat from one place to another by the movement of fluids. (In physics, the term //fluid// means any substance that deforms under shear stress; it includes liquids, gases, plasmas, and some plastic solids.) Bulk motion of the fluid enhances the heat transfer between the solid surface and the fluid. Convection is usually the dominant form of heat transfer in liquids and gases. Although often discussed as a third method of heat transfer, convection actually describes the combined effects of conduction and fluid flow. Free, or natural, convection occurs when the fluid motion is caused by buoyancy forces that result from density variations due to variations of temperature in the fluid. //Forced// convection is when the fluid is forced to flow over the surface by external means—such as fans, stirrers, and pumps—creating an artificially induced convection current. Convective heating or cooling in some circumstances may be described by Newton's laws of cooling: "The rate of heat loss of a body is proportional to the difference in temperatures between the body and its surroundings." However, by definition, the validity of Newton's law of cooling requires that the rate of heat loss from convection be a linear function of ("proportional to") the temperature difference that drives heat transfer, and in convective cooling this is sometimes not the case. In general, convection is not linearly dependent on temperature gradients, and in some cases is strongly nonlinear. In these cases, Newton's law does not apply Heat conduction, also called diffusion, is the direct microscopic exchange of kinetic energy of particles through the stationary boundary between two systems. Heat conduction occurs between stationary masses where there is no movement to carry heat away. Heat transfer through the stationary air layer immediately adjacent to, say one millimeter or so from an interior wall, or from a warm pot placed on a counter, are examples of conductive heat transfer. Heat convection occurs when bulk flow of a fluid (gas or liquid) carries heat along with the flow of matter in the fluid. The flow of fluid may be forced by external processes, or sometimes (in gravitational fields) by buoyancy forces caused when thermal energy expands the fluid (for example in a fire plume), thus influencing its own transfer. The latter process is sometimes called "natural convection". All convective processes also move heat partly by diffusion, as well. Another form of convection is forced convection. In this case the fluid is forced to flow by use of a pump, fan or other mechanical means. The final major form of heat transfer is by radiation, which occurs in any transparent medium (solid or fluid) but may also even occur across vacuum (as when the Sun heats the Earth). Radiation is the transfer of energy through space by means of electromagnetic waves in much the same way as electromagnetic light waves transfer light. The same laws that govern the transfer of light govern the radiant transfer of heat. Without looking up the numbers here is some information to get your started.
 * Problem Statement**-Does salt water hold more heat than freshwater?
 * Heat transfer** is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the exchange of thermal energy from one physical system to another. Heat transfer is classified into various mechanisms, such as heat conduction, convection, thermal radiation, and phase-change transfer. All forms of heat transfer may occur in some systems (for example, in transparent fluids like the Earth' atmosphere) at the same time. Heat transfer only occurs because of a temperature-difference driving force and heat flows from the high to the low temperature region.

The property of a substance determining how much its temperature rises as a result of a certain amount of heat input is called specific heat, commonly denoted by C. Specific heat is defined as the amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 K. If I remember correctly, water has the highest specific heat of any substance. Thus, adding salt to water can only reduce its specific heat. This means that salt water temperature rises/falls more than pure water for the same amount of heat addition/subtraction.

It takes 4.18 kJ (or the heat generated by a 1000 W (W= Joules per second) stove for just over 4 seconds) to raise the temperature of of 1 kg of pure water by 1 K. If you add some salt to pure water and take one kg of the solution, you will find that it takes less than 4.18 kJ to rise its temperature by 1 K.


 * Hypothesis-If I add salt to water and compare the heat to freshwater then the saltwater will hold more heat. **