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Emmanuel Romeo Mr. Hankins Period 5 **__FORCE __** My project has to do with Force, Friction, Tension, and Pressure. **Force** is strength or energy that causes an object to change in speed. Force could be push or pull; forces can cause an object to change its velocity. Force gives an object the energy to move, or stop moving. Force has magnitude and direction. The first law of Newton states that an object’s velocity cannot change unless a force is active. There are four forces in the universe they are: gravitational force, electromagnetic force and strong and weak forces. All other forces we see everyday are made by the interaction of these four forces. Force can accelerate the velocity of any object that has mass. A force can also cause a flexible object to deform. Newton’s second law states that a force that a Force is equal to the mass of a moving object times its acceleration. Newton’s third law states that for every force there is an equal and opposite reaction. Force and acceleration are directly proportional. The greater the force the greater the acceleration is. A force always acts in a certain direction. For example if you push something, the force is in the direction of the push. Another force is the forces in nature which are Electric forces, Magnetic forces, and gravity. An example of Electric forces is lightning. An example of Magnetic forces is Magnetic poles. Weight is a force.

There are 4 different types of Friction: Rolling Friction, Sliding Friction, Fluid Friction, and Static Friction.Friction is an important force in our lives. We rely on friction in many ways. Rolling Friction is the resistance of rolling. Sliding Friction is when two solid surfaces slide against each other. Fluid Friction is friction that occurs as an object moves through a fluid. Static Friction is friction that acts on objects that are not moving. When surfaces in contact move relative to each other, the friction between the two surfaces converts kinetic energy into heat. This can have dramatic consequences, as shown by the use of friction created by rubbing pieces of wood together to start a fire. Kinetic energy is converted to heat whenever motion with friction occurs. A lot of friction will slow something down. A little friction will speed something up. You can reduce or increase the friction between two objects by changing the materials that are on the surface. Friction is a force that is all around us. Friction can slow objects down two force rub together. The amount of friction depends on the roughness of the surface it is making contact with. If a surface is rougher friction will increase. If the surface is smoother the friction will decrease. Friction slows things down, and stops some objects from beginning to move. Friction between objects and air is called air resistance.
 * __FRICTION __** **Friction ** is the action of one surface or object rubbing against another.

**__TENSION __** Tension is the opposite of compression. As tension is the magnitude of a force, it is measured in Newton’s and is always measured parallel to the string on which it applies. There are two basic possibilities for systems of objects held by strings. An example of tension is surface tension. Surface tension is an effect of intermolecular attraction, in which molecules at or near the surface undergo a net attraction to the rest of the fluid, while molecules not near the surface are attracted to other molecules equally in all directions and undergo no net attraction. Because of surface tension, the surface of a liquid can support light objects such as water beetles on the surface of a pond. Surface tension is responsible for the spherical shape of drops of liquid; spheres minimize the surface area of the drop and thus minimize surface tension. This term is used only when the liquid surface is in contact with gas (such as the air). If the surface is between two liquids (such as water and oil), it is called "interface tension."
 * Tension ** is the conditions of stretching or the state of being stretched.

**__PRESSURE __** There are many types of pressures, for example the air pressure which is the weight of the atmosphere's air pushing down on you and everything around you. An instrument called a barometer is used to measure air pressure. It measures it in "inches of mercury “at sea level, the pressure of air is 29.921 inches of mercury.When air contains water vapor, the amount of water in it is expressed as "relative humidity," which is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor in air to the vapor pressure of water at the temperature of the air, written as a percentage. There is many type of pressure for example air pressure, Surface pressure, and Vapor pressures are just some. Some things will increase pressure by applying the force over a small area. Some things will decrease the pressure by applying the force over a large area. Another example of pressure is the water pressure. Water pressure is a form of clean energy that has been used for centuries to turn water mills in early factories, turbines in dams that are used for generating electricity and most commonly to wash the family car. Without water pressure, we would not be able to put out fires or view beautiful fountains.
 * Pressure ** is the act of pressing, or the condition of being pressed.